socket_select
(PHP 4 >= 4.1.0, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
socket_select — Runs the select() system call on the given arrays of sockets with a specified timeout
Parameters
read-
The sockets listed in the read array will be
watched to see if characters become available for reading (more
precisely, to see if a read will not block - in particular, a socket
is also ready on end-of-file, in which case a
socket_read() will return a zero length string).
write-
The sockets listed in the write array will be
watched to see if a write will not block.
except-
The sockets listed in the except array will be
watched for exceptions.
seconds-
The seconds and microseconds
together form the timeout parameter. The
timeout is an upper bound on the amount of time
elapsed before socket_select() returns.
seconds may be zero, causing
socket_select() to return immediately. This is useful
for polling. If seconds is null (no timeout),
socket_select() can block indefinitely.
microseconds-
See seconds description.
Warning
On exit, the arrays are modified to indicate which socket
actually changed status.
The original keys of the arrays are preserved.
The three arrays all have to be passed, but an array that is of no
interest can be an empty array or null; at least one of them must be
a non-empty array. They are passed
by reference and are modified once
socket_select() returns.
Note:
Due to a limitation in the current Zend Engine it is not possible to pass a
constant modifier like null directly as a parameter to a function
which expects this parameter to be passed by reference. Instead use a
temporary variable or an expression with the leftmost member being a
temporary variable:
Example #1 Using null with socket_select()
<?php
$e = NULL;
socket_select($r, $w, $e, 0);
?>
Return Values
On success socket_select() returns the number of
sockets contained in the modified arrays, which may be zero if
the timeout expires before anything interesting happens. On error false
is returned. The error code can be retrieved with
socket_last_error().
Note:
Be sure to use the === operator when checking for an
error. Since the socket_select() may return 0 the
comparison with == would evaluate to true:
Example #2 Understanding socket_select()'s result
<?php
$e = NULL;
if (false === socket_select($r, $w, $e, 0)) {
echo "socket_select() failed, reason: " .
socket_strerror(socket_last_error()) . "\n";
}
?>
Examples
Example #3 socket_select() example
<?php
/* Prepare the read array */
$read = array($socket1, $socket2);
$write = NULL;
$except = NULL;
$num_changed_sockets = socket_select($read, $write, $except, 0);
if ($num_changed_sockets === false) {
/* Error handling */
} else if ($num_changed_sockets > 0) {
/* At least at one of the sockets something interesting happened */
}
?>
Notes
Note:
Be aware that some socket implementations need to be handled very
carefully. A few basic rules:
-
You should always try to use socket_select()
without timeout. Your program should have nothing to do if there is
no data available. Code that depends on timeouts is not usually
portable and difficult to debug.
-
No socket must be added to any set if you do not intend to
check its result after the socket_select() call,
and respond appropriately. After socket_select()
returns, all sockets in all arrays must be checked. Any
socket that is available for writing must be written to, and
any socket available for reading must be read from.
-
When reading from or writing to a socket returned in the arrays, be
aware that the full amount of data requested is not necessarily read
or written. Be prepared for as little as a single byte.
-
It's common to most socket implementations that the only exception
caught with the except array is out-of-bound
data received on a socket.
socket_recvmsg
Socket Functions